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In ancient Greece, Xenophon wrote of the psychological effectiveness
of the use of terror in the war against enemy populations. Tiberius
and Caligula used expropriation and execution as methods to protect
their regimes. Precedents for political crimes are found in the Old
Testament, in the stories of Judith and Holofernes, of Jahel and
Sisara. In Rome, and later in Byzantium, the assassination of
individuals in power was common-spread. However, the assassination of
individuals on political grounds, even if it has existed throughout
history, differs much from what is called nowadays 'terrorism'.

Terror was widely used in warfare and conflict in the Middles Ages and
in Renaissance, but the causes which may inspire terrorism, whether of
the religious, ethnic or political order, led to open warfare

'Terrorism' comes from the French word 'terrorisme', which was added
to the French dictionary in 1798. It was coined on 'la Terreur', the
Reign of Terror of the revolutionary government in France from
September 1793 to July 1794. The agents of the Committee of Public
Safety and the members of the Convention who enforced the policies of
'The Terror' were referred to as 'Terrorists'. A leader in the French
revolution, Robespierre, proclaimed in 1794 : "Terror is nothing other
than justice, prompt, severe, inflexible; it is therefore an emanation
of virtue; it is not so much a special principle as it is a
consequence of the general principle of democracy applied to our
country's most urgent needs". By the end of the eighteen century, the
term was applied generally to any entity that sought to achieve
political goals through violence and intimidation. The Parisian mob
played a critical role at key points before, during, and after the
Revolution. The killing of prominent officials and aristocrats in
gruesome spectacles started long before the guillotine was first used.
The French Revolution provided an example to future states in
oppressing their own populations.

In the late nineteenth century, radical political theories and
improvements in weapons technology spurred the formation of cliques of
revolutionaries and anarchists who actually attacked nation states, in
Western Europe, in Russia and in the United States of America,
believing that the most effective means for social and political
change was to assassinate the individuals in power ; from 1870 to
1910, anarchist bombs and bullets killed several kings, presidents,
prime ministers, and government officials (as is well-known, the
killing of Archduke Ferdinand by a Jewish anarchist in Sarajevo set
off WW1) ; the terrorist group from this period which serves as a
model in many ways for what was to come was the Russian Narodnya
Volya, in which we see for the first time many of the traits of a type
of terrorism which can be called 'individual terrorism' : clandestine,
cellular organisation, the use of selective terror against an
influential individual in order to bring down a government, and
propaganda by deeds : a bomb is set off to get attention, the act will
prompt questions of 'why?'. Terrorism was now a tool of
'communication'. Unsurprisingly, the terrorist tactics of French
revolutionaries were adopted by the Cheka, the Soviet secret police
founded by Lenin in 1918, to secure the Bolshevik grip on power. Lenin
took the principles of Robespierre and expanded the concept of
government-sponsored terrorism. The use of terror was applied in a
systematic manner to the entire society. Terror was used as a tool to
build a society. Terrorism was aimed at controlling and organising a
society, as was theorised by Trotsky in 'Terrorism and
Communism'(1920). Thus, state terrorism, a method of government which
was applied, to maintain power and to control an entire population,.by
representatives of the forces of subversion as soon as they came into
office, was soon mirrored by terrorism against the state, in the
countries where they were still not in office, as a means of
destabilising and overthrowing the existing order. They came full circle.

The resistance of the Irish against English rule (1919-1921)
introduced to terrorism the goal of independence and the use of
selective terrorism, that is to say, the use of terror (bombings,
assassinations) on governmental representatives of an occupying
government, with the view of making occupation too costly. The IRA
improved, perfected and systematised the basic cellular organisation
of Narodnya Volya : each cell had a specific goal and was not in
contact with other cells..Each cell was independent, which prevented
the whole terrorist movement from disruption if one cell was
discovered and broken up.

A third stage in the development of terrorism began during WW2. It
became part of the context of warfare, outside which it had remained
until then. As is rightly pointed out on www.wikipedia.com, some of
the most successful terrorist groups were the vast array of guerilla,
partisan, and resistance movements that were organised and supplied by
the Allies during World War II. The British Special Operations
Executive (SOE) conducted operations in every theatre of the war and
provided an invaluable contribution to allied victory ; the SOE
effectively invented modern terrorism, pioneering most of the tactics,
techniques and technologies that are the mainstays of modern
terrorism. While they were considered as terrorists by the Axis, these
'resistants', self-proclaimed 'freedom fighters' with the full
approval of the Allies, were rebaptised 'terrorists' by the ex-Allies,
when, after WW2, they became nationalists and used the same terrorist
tactics in the 'liberation wars' they fought against colonial powers.
Selective terror changed from the use of terror against government
officers of a colonial power to the use of terror against civilians
working and living in the colony. In Kenya, terror involved the
killing of sympathisers of the British and British families ; in
Algeria, of sympathisers of the French and French families. Women and
children were potential targets for terror. As a response to the
rejection of terrorism by Gandhi, The Hindustan Socialist Republican
Association (HSRA) stated in 1929, along Trotskyst lines : "Terrorism
is a phase towards revolution. Terrorism is not the complete
revolution and the revolution is not complete without terrorism.
Terrorism is the product of a nation's 'hunger for freedom'. Use of
terrorism to gain freedom is justified. Terrorism is not the goal of
freedom but a tool to achieve freedom and liberation."

The late 1960's, A. H. Garrison, Criminal Justice Planning Coordinator
Delaware Criminal Justice Council, whose study on the history and the
nature of terrorism we have used cum grano salis, points out, brought
terrorism to the international stage. "In 1966 Cuba hosted the
Tri-Continental Conference which was sponsored by the Soviet Union.
This conference marks the beginning of the internationalization of
terrorism. The results of this conference : Cuba became an early
training camp for European and Third World terrorist organizations
around the world. Various terrorist groups began to cooperate with
each other. Terrorism became a worldwide movement rather than isolated
events with isolated goals. Financial and political support for
terrorist groups began to happen". Throughout the so-called 'Cold
War', both sides made extensive use of terrorist organisations to
carry on a war by proxy, exporting terrorism to other parts of the
world for their own political (or/and economical) ends. Iran supported
Hezbollah, it's no secret that many of the Islamic terrorists of today
were trained by the CIA and by the ISI to fight the USSR in
Afghanistan. Similar groups such as the Viet Cong received training
from Soviet military advisors.

Conversely, "members of terrorist groups do not consider themselves to
be citizens of any particular country, but instead seek common
political, social, or personal objectives that transcend nation -
state boundaries" (Kushner, 1998). Interestingly enough, "members of
terrorist groups" and "members of the high finance and political
schemers" are interchangeable in this sentence. Just as high finance
and ghost governments become transnational and multinational, so do
terrorism. This point cannot be too strongly emphasised.

The nature of targets has changed accordingly. "Before the twentieth
century, terrorists attacked political and religious leaders to cause
fear and compel behavior change. Old school terrorism was direct in
its targeting. There was a recognition of innocents and the
distinction between legitimate and illegitimate targets. After the
twentieth century, with the advent of elected bureaucratic
governments, terrorists found that the death of a single individual
did not change policy. New school terrorism is indirect in its
targeting". Not only it is indirect, but also it tends to strike
indiscriminately. Illegitimate targets are attacked, high collateral
damage, mass casualties, are the objective, as much to arouse public
anxiety as to create political pressure or instability in the
government. Besides gaining attention, terrorism is now about mass
destruction for its own sake. September 11, 2001 (regardless of what
is really behind it) has led to some of its ultimate consequences
terrorist thought. Certainly, the U.S. was to be destroyed, Islam
demanded the destruction of the infidel, etc., but no credit was taken
for the attack, no specific reason was given for it.

Whether Terrorism is defined as being "a type of Asymmetric
Warfare.Asymmetric warfare is the use of violence or force by an
inferior military against a superior military to gain advantage over
the superior military force" (Allen, 1997), as "the unlawful act of
force or violence against individuals or property to coerce or
intimidate governments or societies to achieve political, religious or
ideological objectives.(U.S. State Department), or as "the systematic
threat or use of violence, whether for or in opposition to,
established authority, with the intention of communicating a political
message to a group larger than the victim group by generating fear and
so altering the behavior of the larger group. Either the victim or the
perpetrator, or both, will be operating outside a military context
(Claridge, 1998), its key component is "the creation of fear" among
civilians, among the whole society, outside a military context. In the
end, Lenin's definition of terrorism may indeed be the most accurate :
"The purpose of terrorism is to terrorise". The goal, regardless of
the reason, is to inflict fear : "Kill one person, frighten ten
thousand", Sun Tzu said, whose 'Art of War' goes well beyond a
traditional treatise on polemology, since it states principles in the
business world, as well as in that of politics, of social life and -
last but not least - of management in general ; it is not quoted in
any of the texts of 'Metaphysics of War'.

Religious-based terrorism dates back the late 1970's. "(...) the rise
of the Ayatollah Khomeini brought a religious justification for
terrorism. The Expansion of Islam in the Middle East and the world and
the protection of Islam against Jews, Christians and the West is an
independent (from the Israeli/Arab conflict) justification for the use
of terror. The tool of this religious terrorism" is "the advent of the
suicide bomber". Once again, terrorism came full circle. For, leaving
aside the Sicarians, which were one of the Jewish groups which fought
the Roman occupation of Palestine and demanded an independent Jewish
state, a goal which they sought to achieve by murdering other Jews,
killing Roman soldiers and destroying Roman property, and whom Flavius
Josephus held responsible for the destruction of the Second Temple and
the loss of the Jewish state in the year 70 AD, it is generally
admitted that the Hashashins are the earliest example of groups
engaged in systematic terrorism. The infamous Hashashins fought Sunni
Muslims and, later, resisted occupation during the Crusades. They were
known to use murder, including of women and of children, as a
ritualistic tactic of terror. They were promised paradise and seventy
virgins therein, if killed 'in the line of duty'. Here, terrorism
against the enemy is a religious act. The Muslim idea of suicidal
martyrdom, of dying in the service of God - outside a military
context-, originates from the Hashashins.

"We can see the roots (...) of today's 'suicide bombers' in their
teachings [the assassins'], J. Morgan, the preface writer of
'Metaphysics of War', notes rightly. "(...) in 'Varieties of Heroism'
[the 12Th essay of 'Metaphysics of war'], one can easily see, in the
phenomenon of today's Muslim 'suicide bombers', a supra-personal
heroism of a type identical to that of the Japanese kamikaze pilots
that Evola describes therein".

We don't.

We don't, and the considerations we have just developed explain why we
don't.

No reference to terrorism is made in any of the sixteen texts gathered
in 'Metaphysics of War', nor, to the best of our knowledge, in any of
his other writings. Evola dealt with UFOs, with Jazz, never with
terrorism. Had he felt like it, he would have been spoiled for choice
: various groups, whether left-wing (Red Brigades) or right-wing ones
(Ordine Nuovo), began a reign of terrorism in Italy in the late 1960's.

In 'The Forms of Warlike Heroism', the traditional doctrine of the
hierarchical quadripartite division of society in slaves, the
bourgeois-middle class, the warrior aristocracy, and bearers of
spiritual authority, and the related passage of power from one caste
to the other, is applied to war : "While, in the cycle of the first
caste, war was justified by spiritual motives, and showed clearly its
value as a path to supernatural accomplishment and the attainment of
immortality by the hero (this being the motive of the 'holy war'), in
the cycle of the warrior aristocracies they fought for the honour and
power of some particular prince, to whom they showed a loyalty which
was willingly associated with the pleasure of war for war sake's. With
the passage of power into the hands of the bourgeoisie, there was a
deep transformation ; at this point, the concept of the nation
materialises and democratises itself, and an anti-aristocratic and
naturalistic conception of the homeland is formed, so that the warrior
is replaced by the soldier-citizen, who fights simply for the defense
or the conquest of land ; wars, however, generally remain slyly driven
by supremacist motives or tendencies originating within the economic
and industrial order. Finally, the last stage, in which leadership
passes into the hands of the slaves, has already been able to realise
- in Bolshevism - another meaning of war, which finds expression in
the following, characteristic words of Lenin : "The war between
nations is a childish game, preoccupied by the survival of a
middle-class which does not concern us. True war, our war, is the
world revolution for the destruction of the bourgeoisie and the
triumph of the proletariat".

Given all this, it is obvious that the term 'hero' is a common
denominator which embraces very different types and meanings. The
readiness to die, to sacrifice one's own life, may be the sole
prerequisite, from the technical and collectivist point of view, but
also from the point of view of what today, rather brutally, has come
to be referred to as 'cannon fodder'."

In 'Avvento del "Quinto Stato"' ('Fenomenologia della sovversione'),
Evola wonders whether this involutive process stops at the 'fourth
estate' ; whether there may be current symptoms of the emergence of a
'fifth estate', on the basis of a book published during the interwar
years by H. Berl, called, precisely, 'Die Heraufkunft des fünften
Standes', in which American gangsterism and some 'demonic' aspects of
Bolshevism are considered as symptoms of the emergence of that 'fifth
estate'. According to Evola, there does not seem to be any counterpart
of that 'fifth estate' in traditional hierarchy ; "it can only be
connected with a sort of substratum, with the shapeless, wild, and
almost sub-human element which was checked in traditional orders, in
which it was found in the latent state". In 'The Revolt against
Civilisation', which is meant to be an interpretation of modern
democratic revolutionary movements from a racial standpoint, and which
is mentioned in a footnote of 'Sintesi di dottrina della razza',
Lothrop Stoddard' shows that the biological substratum of their
representatives is a 'sub-humanity'. On that basis, it is not
unfounded to compare the leaders of the 'fifth estate' with the
Pariahs in Vedic society and with those who, in ancient Rome, had
"neither hearth nor home".

It is precisely in the binary and chaotic mind of the most recent
incarnations of this 'sub-humanity' that the assumption that war and
heroism are one and the same thing has formed. "The idea of terrorism
as warfare began to gain political currency in the 1980s, most
famously by then-Secretary of State George Shultz's statement to the
New York Times in 1984. At roughly the same time, academic treatments
of terrorism began to blur the lines between terror acts and other
forms of revolutionary violence. Bard O'Neill (1990) defined terrorism
as a "form of warfare in which violence is directed primarily against
noncombatants (usually unarmed civilians), rather than operational
military and police forces or economic assets (public or private)." A
1991 military analysis likewise stated that terrorism "is a form of
warfare and needs to be recognized as such"."

The equation of terrorism with warfare has become almost a commonplace
in political and academic circles since September 11, 2001".

Terrorism may be considered as one of the main symptoms of the 'fifth
estate'.




Sat May 19, 2007 11:07 pm

evola_as_he_is
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In ancient Greece, Xenophon wrote of the psychological effectiveness of the use of terror in the war against enemy populations. Tiberius and Caligula used...
evola_as_he_is Offline Send Email May 19, 2007
11:14 pm

"as is well-known, the killing of Archduke Ferdinand by a Jewish anarchist in Sarajevo set off WW1" -- Gavrilo Princip? He was a serbian stooge....
Rowan Berkeley
rowan_berkeley Offline Send Email
May 20, 2007
4:30 pm

The assassination of Crown Prince Franz Ferdinand, heir to the Austrian throne, was carried out by the Jewish assassin Gavrilo Princip using a Browning pistol...
evola_as_he_is Offline Send Email May 20, 2007
5:23 pm

... history who stand up against occupant of His time. Freedom to the Serbian people! Long live Gavrilo Princip and Black Hand organisation!...
ms_srebrenica Offline Send Email Jul 10, 2007
12:24 pm

You are seeing things, in various respects : First, "It was revealed during the trial of Gavrilo Princip and Nedeko Cabrinovic, the assassins of Franz...
evola_as_he_is Offline Send Email Jul 10, 2007
4:58 pm

You are seeing things, in various respects : First, "It was revealed during the trial of Gavrilo Princip and Nedeko Cabrinovic, the assassins of Franz...
evola_as_he_is Offline Send Email Jul 11, 2007
2:09 pm

I would imagine that at that time (1914) German and Jewish Socialism were still working in tandem. Thus, the aim was to provoke a war against Germany and ...
Rowan Berkeley
rowan_berkeley Offline Send Email
Jul 13, 2007
2:26 pm

(as is well-known, the killing of Archduke Ferdinand by a Jewish anarchist in Sarajevo set off WW1) THAT IS A LIE. He was a Serbian nationalist ... From:...
caleb afendopoulo
afendopoulo Offline Send Email
May 20, 2007
4:32 pm

Leon Trotsky was a Russian revolutionary, Winston Churchill was an English chauvinist, Léon Blum was a French socialist, Emmanuel Levinas was a Lithuanian...
evola_as_he_is Offline Send Email May 20, 2007
5:15 pm

And from where is this well known? Can you document the fact that he was a Jewish anarchist? ... From: evola_as_he_is <evola_as_he_is@...> To:...
caleb afendopoulo
afendopoulo Offline Send Email
May 20, 2007
6:15 pm

The Smithsonian Museum in Washington, DC tells the story here: http://www.smithsonianmagazine.com/issues/2000/august/princip.php In part, it reads: "But who...
Toni Ciopa
hyperborean Offline Send Email
May 20, 2007
7:53 pm

Try, for instance, 'The Rulers of Russia' by Rev. D. Fahey, 'Behind Communism' by F. Britton, 'White Power' by G. L. Rockwell, 'Under the Sign of the Scorpion'...
evola_as_he_is Offline Send Email May 20, 2007
7:53 pm

Mr Anfendopoulo reacted to our previous post yesterday. We deleted his post by mistake. Here it is : "Fairly inconclusive proofs, especially since some of the...
evola_as_he_is Offline Send Email May 21, 2007
1:11 pm

Gavrilo Princip's clothes are kept in what remains of the Jewish Museum in Sarajevo, but I don't think it really matters whether he was a Jew or not. Much has...
Troy Southgate
arktoslondon Offline Send Email
May 21, 2007
5:30 pm

A point cannot be too strongly emphasised : just as high finance and ghost governments become transnational and multinational, so does terrorism. For those who...
evola_as_he_is Offline Send Email May 21, 2007
7:12 pm

If you want the origin of the "money quotes" in that article at redmoonrising then you must read Shaykh Abdalqadir's e-book, "Technique of Coup de Banque", ...
Rowan Berkeley
rowan_berkeley Offline Send Email
May 21, 2007
10:54 pm

A counterpart to terrorism could be seen in the trend for self-harm as a political weapon, which seems to have been gaining pace for the last century - it's...
Matthew Gordon
specialediti... Offline Send Email
May 21, 2007
11:23 am

Princip can have been both a 'stooge' and a 'patriot'. The leninist term is 'useful idiot'....
Rowan Berkeley
rowan_berkeley Offline Send Email
Jul 10, 2007
2:20 pm

On this patriotic stooge there are even too many links, like http://www.minelinks.com/war/prolog_doc.html where we find: "The assassination of Crown Prince...
vandermok
charltonroad36 Offline Send Email
Jul 10, 2007
4:22 pm

Regarding historical subterfuge and Balkanisation another couple of good references are: http://www.jewishracism.com/Jewish_Genocide_Enlarged.pdf A good...
ignisaeraquaterra
ignisaeraqua... Offline Send Email
Jul 13, 2007
2:24 pm

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