We will inquire about Capparelli.
Have you read http://www.counter-currents.com/2010/07/the-colored-world-revolution-part-1/ ; http://www.counter-currents.com/2010/07/the-colored-world-revolution-part-2/ ? (the whole book is available at http://aryanism.net/downloads/books/oswald-spengler/hour-of-decision.pdf)
As 'The Decline of the West' is not precisely our bedside book, we must say we did not look further – until someone drew our attention to these two chapters of ‘The Hour of Decision’. The first testifies to a profound understanding of racial issues, of the racial balance of power, in the modern world, while the second, cluttered as it is with a mix of caricatural, stereotyped generalisations on National-Socialist and explicit or implicit references to Judeo-Christian values and praxis, reflects doctrinal blindness.
Spengler would have agreed with J. Evola that racism and anti-Semitism are “currently characterised by the lack of a truly general standpoint,” that weakness and confusion is what characterises the main ideas advanced by current racists and anti-Semites ; by evolian standards, however, Spengler fell into the same category.
Spengler threw the baby out with the bathwater. First, not all racists in Europe had a Darwinist, materialistic, zoologist, vision of race ; even in Academia, aboveboard, perspicuous investigators are now able to recognise this: “Although the Nordicist ideologues Madison Grant and Lothrop Stoddard were eagerly adopted by [National-Socialist] racist writers, [National-Socialist] Psychology was coming at race from a fundamentally different direction from the psychometric empiricism of today's 'race and IQ' research and inter-war US race Psychology. While underpinned by a version of ‘Scientific Racism’, this had acquired a rather distinct character of its own compared to the positivist empiricist Galton/Pearson variety. Nothing in current Psychology… remotely resembles the doctrines” of L. Clauss, H.F.K Günther, E.R. Jaensch, G. Pfahler, B. Petermann, etc. (G. Richards, Race, Racism and Psychology: Towards a Reflexive History, p. 177-78).
Then, to state that “Race purity is a grotesque word in view of the fact that for centuries all stocks and species have been mixed” is tantamount to saying that health is a grotesque word in view of the fact that most people end up being somewhat ill or prone to illness.
Since “warlike — that is, healthy — generations with a future before them have from time immemorial always welcomed a stranger into the family if he had ‘race,’ to whatever race it was he belonged”, what was Spengler doing from 1916 to 1922, writing ‘The Decline of the West’ ?
Instead of saying that « Those who talk too much about race no longer have it in them”, we would rather say that those who never talk about race have never had it in them, while, among those who talk a lot about it, some still have it in them, while others – the word ‘race’, as recalled by J. Evola, was suddenly no longer out off the lips of some Fascists as soon as racial laws were promulgated in 1938 in Italy - do it by opportunism ; in still others, whose race is suffocated by phenotypic detritus of a more or less diverse, heterogeneous origin, this verbal incantation may be the instinctive expression, no matter how clumsy, of, precisely, this race .
We are told that « What is needed is not a pure race, but a strong one”. In fact, when it comes to race, these two terms, far from being opposed, are almost synonyms. As a matter of fact, there is no strength without unity and homogeneity. It is not clear from A. Hitler’s writings and speeches whether his goal was to make the whole German people racially pure ; what is clear is that he was perfectly aware that the German people was not a pure race, as he stated that “The Aryan renounced purity of his own blood… He sank, overwhelmed in the mixing of races, and by degrees lost for ever his capacity for civilization until he began to resemble
the subjected aboriginal race more than his fathers had done, BOTH IN MIND AND BODY.” (the stress is ours) From the publications of the SS, it is also clear that their leaders acknowledged this racial mixing, and that their views on race were anything but materialistic: “The Nordic racial body represents for us the ideal of beauty: there is nothing more natural. But this takes on its real and deep meaning only because we find in it the expression and symbol of the Nordic soul. Without this Nordic soul, the Nordic body would be nothing, but an object of study for natural sciences, as is the physical shape of any other human or animal race.” (https://archive.org/stream/LordreSsthiqueEtIdologie/Ordre-Thibaut_djvu.txt) Such distinctions were not made in mass circulation newspapers, or in the publications for the general public. Was the National-Socialist leadership possessed with the foolish idea that the whole German people could regain its racial purity, a racial purity which, from A. Hitler’s own writings, it is quite clear he never assumed it ever possessed ? What is certain is that he was aware that the German nation was made up of various peoples, and that not all of them had the same dignity. Did he intend to turn the Slavic members of the German nation, on whom he did not pass a particularly positive judgment from a racial standpoint, into pure Nordics ? Nothing could be less certain. All of which is to say that the notion of “purity of blood” in the Third Reich was most probably more an “idée-force”, an ideological tool meant to strengthen and galvanise the sense of belonging of its various ethnic groups, than an actual prophylactic goal expected to be reached by all of these.
To Spengler, as well as to most of the American eugenists he excoriated, and to almost all current nationalists, the strength of a race “manifests itself above all in self-evident elemental fecundity, in an abundance of children. This agressive natalist creed is consonant with one of the most important commandments of the Jewish ideology: “Be fruitful and multiply. Fill the earth and govern it.” (Genesis 1:28). Actually, this commandment marked the beginning of the reign of quantity.
“Now, … in demography, J. Evola stressed, we cannot limit ourselves to the purely quantitative criterion of giving birth to as many children as possible, but we must also consider quality, that is, we must ask what sort of children this prolific nation will have. The mere simple, and indiscriminate multiplication of the number without any knowledge of the state of the racial whole of a nation can favour an invasion of the elements determined by the inferior race, if, through various circumstances, they are more prolific.” Besides, it is a hard fact that the most prolific races are the coloured ones.
Besides « an inexhaustible birth-rate », the strength of a race would also manifest in the “severe selection process” which it is subjected to ; now, these two criterions are contradictory, since selection implies quality and, conversely, quantity is the sure indication of a lack of selection, of discrimination. As much Spengler’s overview of the damaging results of modern ‘medicine’ is fully justified, as much his blindness to the fact that ‘medicine’ is the only way of boosting the fecundity of a moderately fecund race such as the White is total.
Once again, with Spengler as with Stoddard and many other Anglo-Saxon XXth century racialists, we are faced with a powerful reactionary ‘racist’ thought which feels the effect of alien influences.
- What has been sketched in the previous message about the views of J. Evola on racism in the Third Reich was meant to make some people aware that not everything he said on this issue is to be taken as gospel. Let us examine them further.
In his autobiography, he explains that « (il) razzismo tedesco di Stato… si presentò come la mescolanza fra una varietà dell'ideologia nazionalista a fondo pangermanista e idee dello scientismo biologico » (loosely translated in Arktos’ edition as « the racism of the German state… merged a sort of pan-Germanic nationalism with the ideas of biological science ». « (il) razzismo tedesco di Stato » means « the German state racism », a stronger expression than « the racism of the German state »), and goes on to mobilise Trotsky to suggest that that it was merely « a kind of zoological materialism ».
This judgment is wrong, and even grossly wrong. .
First, the very notion of “German state racism” is debatable. In the field of racism, no doctrinaire was ever recognised and presented as the official ideologue of the Third Reich, not even A. Rosenberg. Various scientists, various raciologists, contributed to the development of the principles of the racial policies of the Third Reich, from eugenicists such as Fritz Lenz (1887 - 1976), Ernst Rüdin (1874 - 1952), and the Darwinian Alfred Ploetz (1860 - 1940) to the anthropologist H. F. K Günther (1891 - 1968), of whose studies J. Evola himself recognises the spiritual and ethical dimension and whose classification of European races, both in their physical and psychological characteristics, he uses in “Il Mito del sangue.” Well, the four of them were part of the Expert Advisory Group the Interior Minister Wilhelm Fritsch established in 1933 in order to prepare the Nuremberg race laws. A eugenicist conducts biological, genetic, research, aimed at determining the most favorable conditions for the procreation of healthy persons, while a raciologist is dedicated to the study of human types as carriers of different hereditary physical, mental and spiritual characteristics. The research of eugenicists and the studies of raciologists are basically complementary. Of course, their cooperation is all the more productive as the former are aware of the non purely biological nature of the hereditary process, and the latter recognise the need for concrete practical action (prophylatic measures).
Then, precisely, there was more than one eugenicist, and more than one raciologist who acknowledged, to use the terminology of Evola, the race of the soul. Besides Günther, Rosenberg, influenced by Chamberlain’s concept of Rassenseele, defined the soul as “ race seen from the inside” and “conversely, race” as “the outward appearance of a soul “ ; Egon Eickstedt (1892 - 1965), professor and director of the Institute of anthropology and ethnology at the University of Breslau from 1931 to 1945, for whom “the physical racial form finds its equivalent in a mental racial form” (‘Blood and Homeland’, p. 26) ; Hippius Rudolph (1906 - 1945), whose research on the psychological profile of the German population of Poznan was financed by the SS from 1942, while a professor of social and national psychology at the German University in Prague and Director Deputy of Reinhard Heydrich Foundation ; Erwin Baur (1875 - 1933), a geneticist and head of the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Plant Breeding research, who co-authored a bology textbook ('Lebenskunde Abschlußklassen der für die höheren Lehranstalten', 1937, p 144) in which it is stated that “the human races are not only different from each other physically, but also mentally. If there were only physical differences, the racial question would be in essence meaningless » ; Fritz Lenz (1887 – 1976), who received in 1923 the first chair in eugenics in Munich, and whose position on the subject was the same: “If there were only physical differences between races, the Völkischer Beobachtung quoted him in 1934, the whole racial question would be without any essential significance ; there would be no serious racial question at all. That is precisely why research into the hereditary diferences of soul among racial differences is of such decisive importance » (‘Herder on Humanity and Cultural Difference: Enlightened Relativism’, p. 145-6) ; for him, as for many of his colleagues, certain physical features went hand in hand with certain mental characteristics and, in general “the principles” of racial psychology” were central to racial studies” (‘Blood and Homeland’, p. 23).; Ludwig Ferdinand Clauss (1892 - 1974) whose “psychanthropy”, despite the fact that it was deemed incompatible with the official racial theory, or at least “non-scientific”, because of its intuitive basis, had at least one thing in common with this official theory: the typical Aryan affirmation of the unity of body and mind. The physician, geneticist and anthropologist Eugen Fischer (1874 - 1967) who praised HFK Günther for his ability to combine science with poetry (‘Race and the Third Reich’, p. 10.) etc. In fact, in 1933, it had been quite some time since racial research was no longer based on anthropometry.
All this goes to show that Evola was mistaken in his overall assessment of the spirit of the mainstream racial theories in National-socialist Germany. To rectify this error is most important, in itself, but also because it has gained considerable ground in evolian literature. - An error or bias? It seems hardly conceivable that he did not know that German authors such as Rosenberg constantly referred to the "Aryan soul" and other similar terms. In the book I mentioned on national-socialism and Antiquity, such elements are ever present. For example, national-socialist historigraphy considered Alexander the Great as a pure-blooded Aryan with blond features but who was not Aryan inwardly as he aimed at creating a multiracial world-empire, enabling a first globalization, enjoining his leutenants to marry foreign women, etc.
- http://www.national-socialist-worldview.blogspot.be has finished a translation of The Racial Awakening of the German People (1935), by Dr. Rudolf Frercks, the vice-director of the NSDAP's Office of Racial Policy.
From: evola_as_he_is@yahoogroups.com
To: evola_as_he_is@yahoogroups.com
Date: Tue, 2 Sep 2014 12:30:51 -0300
Subject: Re: [evola_as_he_is] Evola's views on German racism (was: 'The Hour of Decision')
Great article - note. A link to an english translation of a H. Himmler’s speech was posted. After further reading of http://nseuropa.wordpress.com/ (also reachable at http://nseuropa.blogspot.fr/), it is clear that this blog is highly recommendable. Indeed, it contains a great deal of important documents. Two of them are The Death and Life of the Mafia in Italy. From Suppression by Mussolini to Revival by 'Liberation', 1926-1946 (http://nseuropa.wordpress.com/2014/12/06/the-death-and-life-of-the-mafia-in-italy/. Originally from No.3, Vol. 15 from http://codoh.com/library/categories/1206/) and Excerpts from the book “The National-Socialist Essence of Education” (http://nseuropa.wordpress.com/2014/12/17/how-we-can-learn-to-recognise-a-persons-race/). The second is a strong refutation of J. Evolas’s assertions about national-socialist racism.
The father website of http://nseuropa.wordpress.com/ is http://nseuropa.org/ and it offers a wealth of rare documents; for example, a 360+ books and booklets library at http://nseuropa.org/German/ns-bibliothek.htm, including https://archive.org/details/SsRaceTheoryAndMateSelectionGuidelines, a booklet dedicated to the racial ideological formation of the SS. In addition the previous document, this booklet nullifies J. Evola’s views. Below are excerpts of it.
“The high cultures of the Indians, Persians, Greeks and Romans – created by the Ingo-Germanics – clearly show the Nordic (modern "Indo-Aryan") creative spirit. With the decline of the Nordic ruling class they, too, again disappeared. Even today we feel relationed to these cultures, which have a common racial origin.
We are not so presumptuous, however, to believe that all cultures, even in earlier times, can only be credited to the Nordic race. Folks with other racial composition have also created cultures. In us, however, other feelings are roused if we try to relate to the cultures of Old China, Babylon or the old Indian cultures of the Aztecs (in present-day Mexico) and the Incas (in present-day Peru). It cannot be denied: those were also high cultures; but towards them we feel undeniably foreign. They are not related to us, but rather, are of foreign race. A different spirit speaks from them. Never did these foreign cultures reach a commensurate peak with those based on Nordic spirit.”
“Furthermore there existed the special danger that Jewry BY MEANS OF SPIRITUAL DECAY HAD BEGUN TO SYSTEMATICALLY UNDERMINE THE RACIALLY CONSCIOUS ACTION AND THOUGHT OF OUR FOLK in order to raise itself politically and economically to predominance.”
“The German folk is not the sum of 85 million people, but rather a great oneness, a community, in which the Nordic hereditary makeup predominates. This hereditary makeup shows itself not only in physical form and appearance, but also finds its expression above all in a COMMONLY DIRECTED RACIAL SOUL. Not decisive, even if desirable, are the physically Nordic features of the individual person alone. Instead, his psychological-character traits are.”
Three books within three years, one in English (Timothy Newark, The Mafia at War: Allied Collusion with the Mob), with a whole chapter dedicated to Luciano’s actual deal with the United States in the Anglo-American invasion of Sicily, two in Italian (authors (Benito Li Vigni, Sicilia 1943: Sbarco Americano, Mafia e Italia segreta, 2014 ; Nicola Tranfaglia and Giuseppe Casarrubea, La santissima trinità: Mafia, Vaticano e Servizi Segreti, 2012) have been published on the campaign initiated by Mussolini to crush the mafia.
The author of http://nseuropa.wordpress.com/2014/12/06/the-death-and-life-of-the-mafia-in-italy does not seem to be familiar with any of them. The fact that his main source is the New York Times may account for claims such as the following one : “The literature and stories concerning the fabled assistance furnished by the Mafia in the Anglo-American assault on Sicily is confusing and contradictory. The failure of anyone ever to put on the record any convincing facts, and the persisting vague and mock-mysterious abstruseness about it all has encouraged the suspicion that much of the episode was fabricated.” There is at least one inculpatory document, a report forwarded in October 1943 by captain W. E. Scotten (Military Intelligence) to the Brigadier General Julius Cecil Holmes, “ six pages kept in the National Archives in Kew Gardens, near London – [in which] there is evidence of an agreement sought by US and British secret agents with the Sicilian Mafia. One of the first, one of many. It is a document in which we find traces of a negotiation between security apparatuses and ‘families’, probably the genesis of a deal that has led, in our country - decade after decade and massacre after massacre -, ... to the ongoing dialogue between political powers and criminal powers. From Portella della Ginestra [a town in Sicily where 11 people were killed and 27 wounded on May Day 1947] to Capaci [a Sicilian town where the antimafia prosecuting magistrate Falcone was shot in 1992], from British spies to agents of the Italian security services, this intrigue originates in the aftermath of operation Husky, the codename of the allied invasion of the island.” This document was first published by the historian Rosario Mangiameli in 1980 in ‘Annali della facoltà di Scienze politiche’ of the University of Catania (http://www.dagospia.com/rubrica-3/politica/mafia-power-1943-sbarcare-sicilia-anche-americani-furono-14041.htm)
The following passage of ‘The Myth of the XXth century’ is quoted in ‘Il Mito del Sangue’ : “Cut into the rock walls of Begistun on the order of a great Persian emperor are the words:
I, Darius, the great king, king of kings, of Aryan race
Today, the Iranian mule driver passes, uncomprehendingly, by this wall; a sign
to the multitude that personality is born and dies with the race. ”
There is nothing to suggest that J. Evola disagreed with the German racialist in this respect. However, everything tends to indicate that he regarded ancient Iranians as “related to us”, that is to say, to original Aryans. And so did, to name a few, de Gobineau and Rosenberg himself, not only in terms of physical race, but also in terms of spiritual race. In the excerpt you quoted, it is clear that the focus is on their mental, psychological, and spiritual foreigness to “us”.
As to the statement that “Furthermore there existed the special danger that Jewry BY MEANS OF SPIRITUAL DECAY HAD BEGUN TO SYSTEMATICALLY UNDERMINE THE RACIALLY CONSCIOUS ACTION AND THOUGHT OF OUR FOLK in order to raise itself politically and economically to predominance”, what exactly is meant by “BY MEANS OF SPIRITUAL DECAY”? See again the considerations developped on the problem of decadence in the last paragraphs of message 2118.
Hitler states in ‘Mein Kampf’: “It would be a folly to appraise man's value according to his race, that means to declare war against the Marxist viewpoint, Man is equal to man, if on the other hand, one is nevertheless not determined to draw the ultimate consequences from this. The ultimate consequence of the recognition of the importance of the blood, that means the racial basis in general, is, however, the transmission of this evaluation to the individual person. Just as in general I have to evaluate the nations differently on the basis of the race
to which they belong, thus also the individuals within a national community. The statement that a people is not equal to a people is then transmitted to the individual within a national community in the sense that a head cannot be equal to a head, because here too the elements of the blood may be the same, in great lines, but in individual cases are nevertheless subject to thousandfold, most minute differentiations.
“The first consequence of this realization is at the same time, I would say, the cruder one, that is, the attempt to promote those racial elements that have been recognized as racially most valuable within the national community and to care for their special increase”. This is remarkably consistent with Evola’s concept of “inner selection”, as put forward in his racial works, including in‘The Elements of Racial Education’. Both recognised the Nordic element as the purest and the most valid in a white national community, and to this element the later attributed the designation of 'Aryan race' or 'Nordico-Aryan race' ; however, he did not deem it to be the predominating element in Germany. Nor did the former, judging from his remarks on the German people both in Mein Kampf and in his speeches. There is no indication that the main German racialists and anthropolgists had a different view. M. Grant evidenced that, at the end of the Thirty Years’ War, “The German States contained a greatly lessened proportion of Nordic blood.”
In any case, the material you have provided only confirms that which we presented earlier (see message 2077) as a refutation of the overall assessment made by Evola, at least in his major works (whereas an article such as 'Race as a Builder of Leaders' is far more inspired), on German racism. This material shows a precise awareness of the fact that ‘Nordicity’ is not only defined by physical features, but also by specific features of charcter, by a specific soul, as well as of the need for a correspondance between both. Nevertheless, he was not wrong in pointing out that not much was said about the race of the spirit, especially with respect to the Jewish question ; that no actual attempt was made to formulate a precise definition of the term 'Aryan', or, for that matter, 'Nordic', on the basis of a study of the type of divinity, cults, religiosity and world-outlook of the related race.
In the previous message, the part about Evola and national-socialist racism was aimed at being only an addition to message 2077, where it is written that “the German state racism” was merely “a kind of zoological materialism”.
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