SANSKRIT ROOTS IN THE NAMES OF DARK GODS
Sanskrit is a member of the Indo-Iranian sub-family of the Indo-European family of languages. Its closest ancient relatives are the Iranian languages Old Persian and Avestan. Sanskrit is one of the oldest languages on Earth and so we decided to check if we could decode the meaning of some of the names of Dark Gods and ritual phrases (according to ONA Tradition) by searching for appropriate Sanskrit root matches. This work summarizes results obtained from decoding efforts and discusses only Sanskrit roots[1].
(1) Ga Wath Am     confidence level: medium
There are Sanskrit grammar resources[2] analyzing gAva-Sa construct, from which we know that -Sa is a plural affix, thus the plural form of gAva- is gAva-Sa (becoming gAva-s, then analysed as gAv-as in Sanskrit).
An interpretation involving “gava-” and “-Sa” requires composite word and plural form. Therefore possible meanings of gó/gava and am satisfying the above condition are: 
gava-Sa-(a)m [alt. gav-as-am[3]] (Skst.) – to go to/towards the stars; to honor the stars; to serve the stars 
There is also a possibility of:
gav-as-saM (Skst.) – the stars together {perhaps in meaning of uniting with stars}
Interestingly both interpretations are very close in meaning.
(2) Nythra     confidence level: high
Nythra is the Sanskrit nithra/netra meaning “an eye”. This meaning is found in Vedas[4], where netra is used in meaning – eyes (most frequently); of the eyes; of her eyes; of their eyes. 
Nythra sigil given in NAOS even reminds of a stylized eye.
(3) Kthunae     confidence level: low to medium
Kha means an "aperture of the body," "cave," "empty space," "ether," "vacuity," "hollow." Dhvani - "sound," "implied meaning," "echo," "tone," and "hint." 
Possible changes this word has undergone is:
Kha-DhVaNi -> Kha-Dhu(a)Ni -> Kha-DhuNai -> Kha-ThuNai -> Ka-ThuNae -> KThuNae => KThuNae (Kthunae)
The hypothesis is that dhvani must have been an old form/word, because only for old form/word the following transformation might have occurred: “…many times in Sanskrit words that uses a U or a V have an older forms. For example "NVM" can appear as "NUMA" or "NAVAM" or "NAVAMA"…” [Chloe]
Since dhvani is an old form/word (hence – kha as well), out of all meanings they might have we must look for the most ancient one, which would be a Vedic one. In Vedas[5] dhvani is always referred to as "sound" or "vibration", which "vibration" meaning has more pronounced esoteric interpretation than simply "sound". The same for kha - in Vedas[6] kha has a meaning of "ether" and "[that which is] in the sky".
Chloe gave an interpretation for khadhvani as “some kind of etheric aperture, or nexion, or vortex of sound vibrations, which has a feeling of something esoteric that is alluded to or hinted at”. That is exactly what follows from Vedic interpretation:
Kha|dhvani (Skst.) – vibration of ether
(4) Atazoth     confidence level: medium
As stated in reference[7]: “In some languages, for example Italian, French and some Slavic language families, azoth is the name for nitrogen, although the etymology is different. In Italian it derives from "azoto" which comes from the Greek ?+??? "no life".” 
The Greek connotation of "no life" for Azoth inspired us to look at possible Sanskrit construct that conveys the same idea:
Atha|asat (Skst.) - thereupon/thereafter [is] non-being/non-existence
Vedic asat conveys a meaning of non-existent, unreal, illusory, temporary or transient, but also of non-manifested and Noumenal. Hence atha|asat may be viewed as returning to non-existence, into a primal formless void, which is arupa/arupa-loka[8].
From this insight we may interpret "Nythra Kthunae Atazoth" as:
Nythra Kthunae Atazoth <= Nithra(/Netra) Kha|dhvani Atha|asat
which is
[the] eyes[9] [from/produced by] vibration/sound [of] ether/emptiness [result] thereafter [in] non-existence/non-being[10]
You may note that the whole phrase is composed of Sanskrit-derived words, which is significant.
(5) Abatu     confidence level: high
Chloe pointed that letter B is often shifted to a V in Sanskrit, and hence Abatu may be distorted Sanskrit word avatu.
Avatu (Skst.) - "hole in the ground," "a well [water-well]," "a hole"
According to Tradition, Abatu is earth-bound, and it correlates with “hole [in the ground]” meaning.
If Abatu is a distorted avatu, the latter in turn may derive from avatur (avatar) meaning “[that which] descends/manifests [in physical form]”
Quote[11]:
“…Avatar is derived from ava (down) and tr/trî (to cross), describing the descent of a deity into manifest form. The word avatarana first referred to the act of descending (not to the deity who descended), and was then replaced by avatara, which was used in a similar way…Avatara was initially used to describe different deities, then around the sixth century CE it began to be used primarily to describe descents of Vishnu. While earlier texts mention deities taking on different forms, the Bhagavad Gita is the first text to discuss the doctrine of avatar (though the word avatara does not appear in the Gita)…”
Therefore this name may have two equally possible meanings in Sanskrit.
(6) Karu Samsu     confidence level: medium
karu zaMsa (Skst.) – can praise/invoke
Traditional meaning of 'I invoke the Sun' [NAOS] is certainly close to such interpretation; we should note however that Sumerian/Arabic connotation of Samsu as Sun for some reason is supported by Tradition, in contrast with neutral 'can invoke' which follows from Sanskrit.
(7) Nemicu     confidence level: low to high
nami (Skst.) - named[12] ku (Skst.) – bad, poor, degraded[13] ku (Skst.) - a contraction of ka+ra – former part of compound words, implying: inferiority, wickedness, a wicked action, adj. doing wicked actions[14]
Confidence level for this name is based on the grammatical possibility[15] of such construct in Sanskrit:
Nami-ku (Nami-ka-ra) (Skst.) – named wickedness
Interestingly Nam-Ku in Sumerian means “curse”.
(8) Nekalah     confidence level: high
kalaH (Skst.) – time, eternal time, destructive time, course of time, consideration of time, duration of time, the time element (which creates and annihilates), the controlling factor of time, death, ultimate death[16]
na- / niH- (Skst.) – without {negation particle}
na-kalaH / NiH-kalaH (Skst.) – (without/)beyond time; (without/)beyond death = immortal
Note that Sri Kalachakra (The One who rotates Time-Wheel) and the “Lord of Time” (but also a “Great Darkness”) Mahakala revered in Buddhism and known as Shiva Trilochana/Bhairava in Hinduism has the same nature as Nekalah (na-kalaH) race of Dark Gods and possibly their functions are the same.
Figure below shows two b/w examples of Mahakala thangkas.
Mahakala Chaturbhuja (Four-hands) {left}[17] and Mahakala Shanglon (Minister) of Nyingma Lineage, Tibet {right}[18]
(9) Mactoron     confidence level: medium to high
The most interesting word out of all of these Names.
This word most probably has a Sanskrit root trî, which denotes movement, crossing, reaching certain point etc., both in literal and symbolic way[19]. 
The reasons to believe it is a right root is that it grammatically changes into trn, for example: taraNa (safe passage), turana (swift), turanyu (hastening), avatarana (the act of descending, later replaced by avatara) and other words and parts of words having addition of letter N, while in Mactoron latter part is exactly trn; another reason is that 
Mactoron denotes “the name for one of the planetary homes of the Dark Gods, later famed as an early star gate” [NAOS], which “planetary home” if similar to a space-ship would either physically move or would give an ability to operator to cross/move from one point in time-space to another thus acting as a “star gate”. Another possible Sanskrit root is:
tur/tûr/tùrv (Skst.) - to be strong; to be swift; haste; in some cases - “to be stronger than, to overpower, to conquer”; more rarely - “to wound, to hurt”
For example:
tura (Skst.) – “destroyer of enemies” (çatrûnâm himsakan - Rig-Veda)
The former part of the word mk might be ma+ka or maha, which possibilities are given below:
Ma|ka|tur|anu (Skst.) - [that which] overpowers time of causal world alongside of it; [that which] produces/creates ? to destroy atoms of matter/time/matter-time [continuum]
Ma|ka|taraNa (Skst.) - [that which] produces/creates ? to float/traverse/cross Maha|taraNa (Skst.) - great [for] floating/traversing/crossing Maha|taraNa (Skst.) – great safe passage Maha|turana (Skst.) - great swift
Maha|tara (Skst.) – great star Maha|tara (Skst.) – great road; great crossroad; great ferry
Ma|ka|tara|(a)nu (Skst.) - [that which] produces/creates ? to traverse/cross [through] time/matter-time [continuum]
“?” sign indicates the meaning of root ka which has too many interpretations making it hardly possible to guess which one is right: fire, air, sun, soul, king, prince, knot, mind, body, time, cloud, a word or sound, light, mastery, creation, action…
The less complex combinations of mh+trn (maha|taraNa) or mh+tr (maha|tara, maha| tara) which are translated as “great [for] floating/traversing/crossing”, “great star” and “great (cross)road” are the most possible according to Occam razor principle.
Interestingly PEI[20]/ancient Farsi construct Mak|toron translated as “[that which] is creating a place where a lot of roads are crossing/converging” is very close to Sanskrit maha|tara, while Sumerian Mah-Tar-An translated as “mighty/numerous to break/to cut 
heaven/sky/God of Heaven” has the same mah (maha) as mk in Mactoron.
(10) Davcina       confidence level: medium to high
Devi (Skst.) – goddess, mother[21]
Devcina -- Devi-cina -- Devi-jin -- Devi-jan[a], Devi-genos
Quoting Chloe: “…the Chinese word for a human/man/person is "Jin" which in some dialects is pronounced as "Chin/Chen." I would say that this word is related to the Sanskrit word "Jan/Jana" which means "Tribe/human/man/person." And that the Greek word "Genos" is related to these words, as it virtually means the same thing. But we should also consider that certain tribes and semitic cultures (some very ancient) have these Entities they speak of called "jinn" as mentioned in the Holy Qur'an”. 
Therefore there is a possibility that Davcina is derived from Devi|jan[a] meaning “Mother/ Goddess of the mankind and/or Jinn.”
(11) Budsturga       confidence level: high
Budh|sa|Durga -> Budsadurga -> Budsaturga -> Budsturga
Budh (Skst.) - to awaken
sa (Skst.) - with, together with, ... sa (Skst.) - she, ...[22]
Durga - incarnation of Devi or the Mother Goddess, a unified symbol of all divine forces. For Shaivas Durga is the wife of Shiva. For Vaishnavas and Shaktas Durga is another form of Uma or Parvati. The Hindu Goddess Durga manifested when evil forces threathened the very existence of the Gods. To destroy these demons, all gods offered their radiance to her creation and each formed part of Durga's body. Durga also obtained very powerful weapons, such as the chakra from Vishnu and a trident from Shiva.
Goddess Durga statue[23] and drawing[24]
Durga is depicted having ten arms, riding a lion or a tiger, carrying weapons (including a lotus flower), maintaining a meditative smile, and practicing mudras, or symbolic hand gestures. An embodiment of creative feminine force (Shakti), Durga exists in a state of svatantrya (dependence on the universe and nothing/nobody else, i.e., self-sufficiency) and fierce compassion. Durga is considered by Hindus to be an aspect of Kali. Durga manifests fearlessness and patience[25]. The name "Durga" is Sanskrit means "invincible".
A possible interpretation of Budsturga is:
Budh|sa|Durga - to awaken (together) with Durga[/Goddess]
There is also another possibility explained below, which is even more likely - Buddh-sadurga.
As person familiar with South-East Asian languages Chloe noted that in the first part of word “[B][U][Ddha][S][A]" there are only 5 real letters. The "A" between the DDH- and the -SA is an inherent vowel sound of the letter DDHa. In other words "Buddhasa-" spells "[B][U][Ddha][S][A]" (almost as "Budsa-"), which provides for second interpretation and changes a meaning from "to awaken ..." to "awakened ..." She explained that although the word "BUDdha" is Sanskit, the grammatical siffix -sa is Pali so when you put the two words together - Buddhasadurga - you get a word that really cannot exist because of the presence of the Pali grammatical suffix in between two otherwise Sanskrit words.  But, fortunately 
the word "sa" by itself in Pali and Sanskrit is the pronoun for "she."
durga (Skst.) - fortress, citadel Durga (Skst.) - also "the inaccessible" or "the invincible"[26]
There is even "sa durga" combination existing meaning "She is Durga"; in this example durga is used in both meanings of Goddess Durga and fortress/citadel - quote[27]: 
"Durgam Nihanti Ya Nitya Sa Durga Parikirtita" that is: - She is 'Durga' who destroys durga (castle) daily.
Therefore the second possible construct is: 
Buddh-sa-durga (Skst.) - The Awakened, She who is a Fortress; The Awakened, She who is Invincible
This meaning refers to Buddha/Awakened/Enlightened state, denoting non-duality, nonaction, contemplation – it signifies that Budsturga as one of Dark Gods is beyond duality, and can create/organize/protect as much as destroy/disorganize. Protective/organizing Principle in Budsturga (Buddh-sa-durga) is signified by Goddess Durga, who is simultaneously protective and wrathful emanation of Kali (protective aspect, however, prevails in this emanation).
Buddh-sa-durga (Budsturga) might also be related to the only female Protector of Dharma[28] among eight Dharmapalas[29] of Buddhist Tradition – the Palden Lhamo, victorious Goddess-Defender of the Mahayana, the personal protector of the Dalai and Panchen Lamas, especially venerated by the Gelug denomination.
The reasons why we believe Budsturga (Buddh-sa-durga) and Palden Lhamo/Durga are the same are:
-         Palden Lhamo is depicted with dark blue (sometimes blue-black) skin in Buddhism; Budsturga manifests as blue light - NAOS; She was seen by Aerhaosh/ToDR members as blue-greyish moving light, as dark shape with no face having great wisdom to direct and teach; -         Durga is considered to be a wrathful manifestation of Saraswati, the goddess of learning and Supreme Wisdom; Saraswati is a daughter of Durga; Budsturga represents knowledge, dangerous for sanity - NAOS; -         goddess Durga is considered to be a prototype of Palden Lhamo according to some researchers[30]; "durga" root in Budsturga; dMagzor rgyal-mo as "Queen of Armies" has a direct connection to legend/function of Durga in Hinduism; -         both Budsturga (Buddh-sa-durga) and Palden Lhamo/Durga are female (-sa- in name; NAOS tells that Budsturga is female entity) and awakened (Buddh- in name).
She is known by many names and exists in many manifestations:
- Budsturga (ONA) - Buddh-sa-durga (Skst.) - "The Awakened, She who is a Fortress; The Awakened, She who is Invincible" - (d)pal-ldan-Lha-mo, Lha-mo or Palden Lha-mo (Tib.) - "Glorious Goddess" - Maha-rani (Skst.) - "The great Queen" - dMagzor rgyal-mo (Tib.) - "Queen of Armies"; "The Goddess or The Queen of the warring weapons" - Okkin Tungri (Mongol.) - Lha-mo (Skt. - Kaladevi) - Remati (very wrathful form of Palden Lhamo) - Sri-Devi (Skst.) – “Great Lady”, “Lady Goddess” - Great Shakti - Kali[31], Kalideva, Mahakali (consort of Mahakala) - Durga (Skst.) - fortress, citadel; inaccessible, invincible (Durga is considered by Hindus to be an aspect of Kali) - wrathful emanation of Saraswati ... 
L.A. Waddell in his book "The Buddhism of Tibet or Lamaism" (1895) says: "This great she-devil, like her prototype the goddess Durga of Brahmanism, is, perhaps, the most malignant and powerful of all the demons, and the most dreaded. She is credited with letting loose the demons of disease, and her name is scarcely ever mentioned, and only then with bated breath, and under the title of "The great queen" - Maha-rani...
She is publicly worshipped for seven days by the Lamas of all sects, especially at the end of the twelfth month, in connection with the prevention of disease for the incoming year. And in the cake offered to her are added amongst other ingredients the fat of a black goat, blood, wine, dough and butter, and these are placed in a bowl made from a human skull."
L.A. Waddell definitely has a dualistic and therefore distorted perception since connotation of “she-devil” as applied to Her is absolutely inappropriate[32].
Palden Lhamo {left}[33] and Palden Lhamo Remati of Nyingma lineage, Tibet {right}[34] Tibetan text in the image on the right is translated as[35]:
“In the presence of Padmakara, Master of the Mysteries, You swore to maintain the samaya, arising in the form of a raksasi, And became the great witch guarding the Buddha's Doctrine: Homage to the Glorious Goddess Remati”
Padmakara is another name of Guru Rinpoche or Padmasambhava; samaya is a set of vows or precepts given to initiates of an esoteric Vajrayana Buddhist order as part of the initiation ceremony that creates a bond between the guru and disciple; raksasi[36] or “shedemon” is a female rakshasa - a demon or unrighteous spirit in Hindu and Buddhist mythology[37]; the “witch” in this verse does not have a dualistic connotation of “evil”, but rather a “female with magical powers”.
Lake of Palden Lhamo called Lhamo Latso[38], Tibet {original in color}
Palden Lhamo is usually depicted in nakthang (black-ground style scroll) crossing the sea of blood riding side-saddle on a white mule. She had killed her son and used his flayed skin as a saddle blanket. 
In many monasteries her image is in a corner and is always kept covered. 
Palden Lhamo was armed by the gods themselves (as Durga). Kubera gave her a lion (Durga sits on a lion), which protects and decorates her right ear. The Naga king gave her a serpent for her left ear. Vajrapani gave her a hammer to use as a weapon. Her mule is the gift of the other gods.
In thangkas, she is depicted with red hair to indicate her wrathful nature. Although she may wear the crown of five skulls symbolizing the transmutation of the passions (as Mahakala), yet the serpent of wrath is there, too. 
Unlike the support of the other 7 Dharmapalas, she is atop or surrounded by the Himalayas. This not only indicates her association with that region, but also her origin as Mahakali, daughter of Himalaya, the Indian deity. She also wears the garland of freshly severed heads characteristic of Kali. The important distinction is that in this instance the sea of boiling blood, the corpses, and entrails are not associated with offerings to appease her.  Her ultimate nature is as a support and protection of the way of compassion (The Numinous Way).
These are typical symbolic elements of iconography of Palden Lhamo.
We must note that this Dark God is the most significant to us because Her manifestation was very clearly seen by us on Summer Solstice in 115 yf, and it was possible to interact with Her ever since. 
(12) Yusra       confidence level: medium
The name of this Dark God unknown before (not mentioned in NAOS or other MSS) is in the "Who Is An ONA Adept (and Beyond)?" MS. It was suggested that these questions were made up, but hopefully not the name itself. Anyways, the analysis is as follows:
yu (Skst.) - to bind sara (Skst.) - the essence, the essential, the essential qualities, strength, with the strength, the most important, best[39]
yu-sara (Skst.) - to bind the essence; to bind the strength
(13) Athushir       confidence level: medium
For this name it is hard to derive it from Sanskrit alone. We also looked at the related languages:
In Sanskrit:
zira (Skst.) - head sira (Skst.) - artery, nerve, vein atha (Skst.) – after this, thereupon, thereafter
sira (in anc. India / South and South-East Asia) - the divine light (Sun)[40]
“Tamil was the aboriginal language of all India... The Tamilars use athu, that, as indicative of the supreme, eternal God; it is one of their most expressive appellations for the undeveloped or unorganized Deity[41]”.
In Dravidian/PEI:
at- (Dravidian/PEI) - to catch fire atu (Dravidian/PEI) - to roast, fry; to be in motion
We end up with words formed by roots of related languages of Indian subcontinent:
Atu|sira (Dravidian/PEI|Skst.) - burning artery (artery of fire?) Atu|zira (Dravidian/PEI|Skst.) - burning head Atu|sira (Atu|surya) (Dravidian/PEI|India reg.) - the burning divine light Athu|zira (Tamil.|Skst.) - the head of Supreme [God] (Sun) Athu|sira (Athu|surya) (Tamil.|India reg.) - the divine light of Supreme [God] (Sun) Atha|sira (Atha|surya) (Skst.|India reg.) - thereafter the divine light
Note: Athushir (Atha|sira) might be connected to Atazoth (Atha|asat) via Skst. root atha
As we see in all these interpretations there is a connotation of diving light, light of burning [flame], light of the Sun.
Interestingly the Sumerian word shir or sher also means “to shine brightly”, while a-tu has a meaning of “ritual cleansing (on New Moon)”.
*      *      *
As a conclusion we want to say that with persistence and cooperation of others it becomes possible to crack even the most difficult cases. We encourage every member and associate of ONA to make daily advancements to deeper understand our Tradition, for which purpose linguistics may also be employed.
We thank Chloe of WSA352/ONA for help and support in finding possible Sanskrit root matches.
E.T. of Aerhaosh/ONA
Spring Equinox, 121 yf